Exploring the learning impact of Venezuelan students anti-government protest

Exploring the learning impact of Venezuelan students anti-government protest Hashtag: #concluTINTORI Exploring the learning impact of Venezuelan students’ anti-government protest. Implications of Students Absence in Learning Jay Mathews says, â€Å"Books at home push kids toward more schooling† because kids with books at home according to a global study tend to have more years of schooling and become successful professionals. However, books in Venezuelan home seem inadequate, as students are often not in class but out there in the street protesting against President Maduro’s with some them bleeding from police brutality. Some of these students were arrested, charged, tortured, and few others were killed as shown in #concluTINTORI or Conclusions a show hosted by journalist Lillian Tintori, a human rights advocate. Students’ anti-government rallies in and out Venezuelan university campuses are common and sometimes violent due to alleged government anti-dispersal units used of force such as shooting protesters at point blank range. The bigger problem, however, is the fact these students should be in class learning and developing their skills for their chosen career. The result of a study on academic performance suggests that students’ attendance affects their learning. Those with high attendance rate were doing well compared to students who were frequently not in class. Similarly, a UK study shows the strong correlation between attendance and academic achievement. Absenteeism increased with each grade level while dropout rate is greater in students with poor attendance. Want to know more? Go here: Womens Right to Education Developing Students Creativity Perspiration Is Nothing without Inspiration Practice What You Preach Is Sports Competition Relevant to Academic Learning Study of reasons for excessive student absence from class found illness as the main cause of absences. Absenteeism in Venezuela according to a 2007 study was the highest among participating countries at 18% compared to Portugal with 2.8%. Around 4% of the population had less than 2 years of education, 4.6 of children aged 7-16 had no education. Since the university rallies started in mid-2014, academic activities in around 18 underfunded universities are irregular. Faculty members, instructional materials, laboratory supplies, and others are scarce. The absences and interruptions in classes will likely affect their academic performance. Absenteeism in higher education often correlates with grades obtained by students. Students skip classes for both health and social reasons such as racism and school climate. The teacher-students ratio significantly affects learning while poor working environment degrade the quality of teaching. Statistics taken from OECD countries suggest that students spent almost half of required lesson hours in schools with shortages in teachers and educational resources. Poor quality of teaching and school environment has a cumulative and debilitating effect on students’ achievement. In fact, the study found that it is more influential than socio-economic factors. The economic crisis according to the report is intensifying as basic commodities are gradually disappearing from the shelves. The violent protest, on the other hand, will likely cause further damage to property, additional injuries and deaths, and further deterioration in the functioning of educational institutions including learning of Venezuelan students. There is probably a need for school and student leaders to talk and share ideas on the possibility of achieving peace through dialogue. This is because quality education cannot be achieved through protest. In fact, it will further increase the rate of violence, number of casualties, the extent of property damage, and economic difficulties.

Learn How to Delegate Responsibility to Your Employees

Learn How to Delegate Responsibility to Your Employees ]Time is your most precious commodity. No matter how hard you try, you can’t do everything by yourself. Many supervisors avoid delegating responsibilities and the reasons for this vary. Those who have moved up through the ranks of a company may be uncomfortable or simply not used to delegating. Others live by the words â€Å"If you want something done right, do it yourself.† And then there are some who fear delegating may mean being outshined by their employee. Whatever your feelings, as a manager you need to realize that you are not a regular employee, you are a coach. Coaches must understand the importance of teaching, motivating, and taking pride in the performance of their charges. To do this, you must learn how to delegate efficiently and responsibly. Some Things Should Not Be Delegated Never delegate sensitive projects to your employees. If you are in charge of the project because of your expertise, you should complete it yourself. If the project is confidential in any way, be very careful about outsourcing the work. Keep in mind that some jobs need to be done by the person in charge. At the same time, try to avoid delegating only the â€Å"dirty work†. Give your employees something fun and interesting to do once in awhile. Evaluating Employee Abilities There are many things to evaluate before delegating duties. Consider your employees’ skill level, motivation, and dependability. Remember, not every employee is created equal. Certain people will be more efficient than others depending upon the facet in which they thrive. At the same time, try not to typecast your employees. Give them opportunities to broaden their horizons and become more valuable to the team. Matching the proper person to each task can be difficult. Start small and be patient. Providing Clear Instructions When you are assigning unfamiliar duties, be very specific when you explain what you need. By detailing an assignment, you leave no room for confusion and therefore, no room for error. If you have a long list of verbal instructions, type them out. This will give your employee something to refer to when they are performing a task that is unfamiliar to them. If possible, train two people to do the same thing. This way, they can refer to one another for questions, rather than coming to you. It is also essential that your employee has a clear understanding of their authority in each situation. When a decision needs to be made regarding their assignment, should they use their best judgment or should they come to you immediately for clarification? This will be one of your hardest decisions to make because it could mean the difference between success and failure. When in doubt, retain control. Once an employee had proved their capability, give them more responsibility in the decision-making department. Measuring Performance and Controlling Projects Measure the performance of employees and delegated projects. Explain to them how performance will be measured and let the employee know the level of accountability that comes with the task. Clarifying these things beforehand will make everything run much smoother. Large projects may be easier to monitor if they are broken into smaller segments. Spread the assignments throughout your staff and make them report to you after each segment of the project has been finished. Also, get feedback from your employees via meetings and reports. Do this daily, weekly, or monthly. Know what’s going on around you. Staying informed limits the possibility of failure. As a supervisor, you are responsible and accountable for your employees and their work. Coaching Your Staff One of the most important parts of delegation is coaching. When you delegate an assignment, make it clear to them that they can come to you with questions. New tasks can be confusing. Above all, be patient. You should consistently motivate your staff and commend them when they do well. If they complete an assignment, but they don’t do a good job, find out why. Pinpoint what went wrong and take steps to address the issue. On the other hand, when tasks are completed effectively, give your employee the recognition they deserve. Whether it is public recognition or one-on-one, your employee will value being given credit for their work. Doing this not only makes your employee feel good, it will also motivate them to continue their on-the-job success.

Nurse Staffing Issues and Patient Care Quality Essay

Nurse Staffing Issues and Patient Care Quality - Essay Example From the paper it is clear that there are various factors which have contributed to reduced staffing levels in nursing. The nationwide gap between the number of available positions and the registered nurses qualified and willing to fill them is increasing. The needs of today’s higher acuity patients for more care contributes to the staffing crisis. As the research stresses poor remuneration of registered nurses have prompted most of them to practice in the private sector and neglect the public sector which serves majority of people in the population. Patients’ higher acuity calls for skilled nurses who can give them specialized care they need. The number of qualified nurses to give such care is small contributing to the gap. In policy making, there is a misconceived perception that hiring fewer nurses can reduce the costs and increase profitability in the health care sector. However, increasing the nursing staff in a hospital leads to higher quality patient care and hence increased profits. Adequate staffing and balanced workloads are central to achieving good outcomes in nursing. The problems associated with inadequate staffing of nurses include heavy workload leading to burn out and hence poor health care delivery. Adverse events such as nosocomial infections, shock and failure to rescue patients needing intensive care are some of the problems associated with inadequate nurse staffing in hospitals.

Article critiquing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Article critiquing - Essay Example Hence, the variables considered by Vries & et. al. (2014) can be critiqued as identifiably measurable holding considerable significance in the nursing approaches to the domain. To be noted in this regard, with proper recognition of the relationship amid the two measurable variables, practitioners would be able to enhance effectiveness of the cure facilities by upholding positive beliefs amid type 2 diabetic patients concerning medication, which in turn would be useful in reducing treatment complexities. This in turn suffices a key requirement of quantitative researches, as was highlighted in Parahoo (2006: pp. 50) that â€Å"quantitative research is primarily concerned with measurement†. Another criterion highlighted in the Holland and Rees model is the broadness and significance of the research issue concerned, based on the perceptions of the researcher. Vries & et. al. (2014) argue that because of treatment complexities, fallacies and risks of ineffectiveness increase in the cure mechanism for type 2 diabetic patients, stressing upon the worthwhile characteristics of the study. As negative medication beliefs amid patients provoke them towards non-adherence to the routine care mechanism, the problem does signify a major issue in the domain. The issue has been a point of discussion in previous studies as well, which indicates its widespread nature and considerable significance as well. However, Vries & et. al. (2014) can be criticised for providing insignificant attention towards an elaborated literature review that hinders its reliability to a certain extent. Contradictorily, the significance of the article increases as the researchers have provided considerable at tention towards defining the variables with clarity and detail. The aim considered for the study in Vries & et. al. (2014) concentrated on the identification of relationship between medical beliefs among type 2 diabetic patients and treatment complexities because of their non-adherence

Scientific Management Essay Example for Free

Scientific Management Essay Representatives of capital supporter scientific management. It proposes to increase industrial output by managing labour scientifically. But organized labour does not want to be scientifically managed. It is not keen about being managed at all. It exists, in fact, to manage itself. Labour controversies, as carried on by the American Federation of Labour, are demands for a voice in the settlement of conditions of work. But this demand is not recognized by capital as a principle. It is only recognized as a necessity when labour, through superior strength, secures its demands in this trade and that. The concession to labour of a voice in determining conditions of work means by implication to capital that management as a whole is still in its own hands; it also means that its actual title to superior, or ownership rights, is not in question. The Industrial Workers of the World leaves no doubt in the mind of capital that it claims only a voice in the management of industry. It makes its fight on the grounds of labours sole ownership, as well as right, to sole management in all that labour produces. Every strike, every difference between organized labour and capital, is an attempt of the former to wrest management, or some degree of management, from the latter. Whether it is an A. F. of L. or an I. W. W. fights, there is in each and every one this issue of management. The question of management is, in fact, the labour movement. If production is to be scientifically managed, organized labour insists that it shall have a hand in the management, or it shall do the managing. It refuses to grow enthusiastic over propositions, which are worked out for it, or without its cooperation, by others who claim to know better than labour knows what is for its good. It was with something like pained surprise that the advocates of scientific management discovered that their propositions to manage labour more efficiently, and to lighten its burdens, met a cold reception at the hands of the conservative, as well as the radical, labour unions. It is conceivable that the efficiency systems of scientific management might admit the labour unions in conference in the settlement of conditions; but it is evident that nothing is further from the intention of the promoters of the science, and that such a proposition would quite seriously impair its purpose. Mr. Frederick W. Taylor, the leader of the movement, states: The greater advantage comes from the new and unheard-of burdens which are assumed by the men in the management, duties which have never been performed by the men or the management side.(1) These new duties Mr. Taylor divides into four large classes, calling them The Four Principles of Scientific Management, all of which, he says, are necessary to secure its object, which is the increased output per unit of human effort. The first of these four great duties (as he also names them), which are undertaken by the management, is to deliberately gather in all the rule of thumb knowledge, which is possessed, by all the twenty different kinds of tradesmen who are at work in the establishment. Knowledge, which has never been recorded, is in the heads, hands and bodies, in the knack, skill and dexterity, which these men possess. The second of the new duties assumed by the management is the scientific selection and then the progressive development of the workmen. The workmen are studied; it may seem preposterous, but they are studied just as machines have been studied. The third duty is to bring the scientifically selected workmen and the science together. They must be brought together; they will not come together without it. I do not wish for an instant to have any one think I have a poor opinion of a workman; far from it. I merely state a fact when I say that you may put your scientific methods before a workman all you are a mind to, and nine times out of ten he will do the same old way when I say, make the workman do his work in accordance with the laws of science I do not say make in an arbitrary sense I want to qualify the word make, it has rather a hard sound. Some one must inspire the man to make the change. The fourth principle is a deliberate division of the work, which was formerly done by the workman into two sections, one of which is handed over to the management. An immense mass of new duties is thrown on the management, which formerly belonged to the workmen requiring cooperation between the management and the workmen, which accounts more than anything else for the fact that there has never been a strike under scientific management. In one of our machine shops, for instance, where we do miscellaneous work there will be at least one man on the management side for every three workmen.(2) Each one of these scientific propositions is perfectly familiar to the workman in spite of the rather naive assurance of the efficiency engineers that they are new. He has known them in slightly different guise for a century past. The new thing is the proposition to develop what has been in the past the tricks of the trade into a principle of production. Scientific management logically follows and completes the factory process. The first and fourth of Mr. Taylors great duties or principles is to deliberately gather in all the rule of thumb knowledge of all workmen, and transfer this knowledge to the management. That is exactly what machinery did and is still doing to craft workers. It usurped the knowledge of the worker and transferred that knowledge to the management. The great discovery of scientific management is that machinery is not absorbing completely, or as completely as it should, a workmans trade knowledge. Mr. Taylor says: This knowledge is the greatest asset that a workman possesses. It is his capital.(3) The task, which efficiency engineers have set, themselves is to gather up the last vestiges of capital possessed by the workingman, and place it for safe keeping and efficiency under The Management. There is an impression that all efficiency methods originate in the brains of efficiency engineers, or with the management. Mr. Taylor is not alone in assuring us that the methods are discovered in the heads and in the hands of the workers, that they are the result of the workers experience in very great degree. A manufacturer as an illustration told the following story: A shoe manufacturer told one girl that he wanted to see how much she could do. She said: Well, there is a certain kind of a filler that I used in another factory. If you will use that kind of filler I can do my work so much more quickly. Another thing, the paper you are using on that tip is too coarse. If you will use a finer paper I wont have to use so much filler. The story concluded: So that girl and this manufacturer worked out a condition that made it easier for her to perform more work.(4) Scientific management is a good scavenger. It is out for every scrap of trade knowledge. Following the machine, it proposes to clean up the last vestige of craftsmanship and to put the shipshape touches to modern industry. There are to be no chance bits of capital lying around loose in the hands of this man and that when the efficiency engineers have finished their job. The second and third of the Four Principles show how this is done. Mr. Taylor says: The workmen are studied just as machines have been studied. And, finally, it is necessary to bring the scientifically selected workman and the science together by inspiring the workman. The workman is to be scientifically selected by a teacher instead of by a foreman; he is to be studied by this teacher, as well as taught, and the unit of human effort is to be squeezed out of him by observing the law of rest and fatigue. He is to be inspired by the same old bonus of the same old task system in which he has served his time. But the bonus or rate, according to efficiency engineers, is never to be cut, as employers who speeded up their workers have cut it in the past. If the old-time employer ever made so gentlemanly a promise regarding the continuous payment of a bonus, he knew he could not keep it. He knew that even out of the goodness of his heart he could not indefinitely continue a bonus or a rate, which his competitors did not pay. But apparently scientific management requires of industry certain ethical standards. Mr. Taylor says that scientific management involves a complete revolution, both on the part of the management and of the men; a complete change in the mental attitude on both sides. Labour would agree with Mr. Taylor, and add that it would require as well a mental revolution in Wall Street. Apparently this is what the New Capitalism, of which scientific management is a part, does require. New Capitalism proposes to disregard the law of wages, and to substitute a beneficent law, which pays better wages, also better profits. But the results have not as yet justified the workers in surrendering their own agencies for self-protection. As yet labour is unconscious of any sloughing off in hardships under the law of supply and demand. It is not conscious that the introduction of methods, which have, for their object the increased output of human effort has had any appreciable connection with wages or wage rates. Union men cite numberless cases where efficiency methods have been introduced, like the task and bonus systems, the stop watch, the observation of the laws of rest and fatigue, and yet wage rates were not increased, but were, in the course of time, reduced. The efficiency engineer answers: Ah, then that is not scientific management! But he will state in conventions to other efficiency engineers that he has great trouble in getting the management to carry out the end of their program, which will insure the worker, the receipt of his bonus. An efficiency promoter observed on one of these occasions: I have had so many letters from people who look on scientific management as a new instrument by which they could squeeze a little more out of the workman and give him no return. I do not want to have anything to do with them. We must share what we get.(5) Organized labour appreciates the wish, but recognizes the difficulty for an efficiency engineer to be an engineer and a financier in action at one and the same time. It is not the efficiency engineer who can fulfil his own promise. He must leave it to the capitalists to share what they get of the new capital which the engineer has collected out of the hands or brains of the workers. In scientifically managed plants there is no change whatever in the status of capital and labour, except the extended enslavement of the latter. Efficiency engineers might successfully promote scientific management by advertising their hope that the management will share what it gets if the factory system had been a less efficient teacher. But the factory system has taught the workers by a series of object lessons. Labour unions represent those workers who have learned that they must rely on schemes for relief, which they themselves initiate, or control. The rest and fatigue schemes of scientific management are especially worthy of suspicion. These schemes propose to finish the job of reducing the labour to a machine attachment, to rob him of what little initiative may be left him in a certain freedom of motion. Mr. Taylor defines his idea of initiative. He says: The manufacturer who has any intelligence must realize that his first duty should be to obtain the initiative of all these tradesmen who are working under him; to obtain their hard work, their good will, their ingenuity, their determination to treat the employers business as if it were their own. And in this connection I wish to strain the meaning of the word initiative to indicate all of these good qualities.(6) All propositions to increase wealth make an appeal to imagination. No one, certainly not organized labour, doubts the ability of American capitalists to discover new schemes neither for increasing the output, nor of the American workman to produce it. It has been reported that the labour cost of production in England, with its lower wage rates, is higher than the cost in America, because the American workmen, through the pressure of management, yield an amount per worker unknown to English labour. Scientific management proposes to increase this yield by several hundred percent. Workers looking back a generation or two may admit that with the introduction of machine processes they have here and there reaped a harvest of several cotton shirts instead of one woollen, a standing lamp instead of the ancestral candlestick, and, as clear gain, a Victor talking machine. But no one is ever jubilant over luxuries, which they have bought with their lives. It is organized labour alone that remembers the ghastly price paid for increased consumption; the generations of men, women, and children who have been maimed and murdered in the process. Greed and desire, not the well being of labour, are still the motive forces back of increased wealth production. If we are about to enter upon an era of a New Capitalism which recognizes that it will pay to increase the number of cotton shirts without exacting so heavy a toll as has been exacted in the past, organized labour still demands that it shall determine, or have a voice in determining, what that toll shall be and what shall be the reward. Scientific management, the promoters say, recognizes no difference in determining standards of efficiency between management, capital goods and labour. Well and good; labour does. Organized labours observations of a worker do not end with the days work. They extend over the wear and tear of a lifetime. They take into consideration a workers ability to react after work, mentally as well as physically. They take into consideration the workers ability to realize his maximum in his non-labouring hours. And they would also consider his ability to realize his maximum in his labouring hours if labour had an opportunity to fix a maximum consistent with the life interests of labour as a whole. The difference between scientific management and organized labour is that the aim of the latter is to make men, the aim of the former is to make goods.

Government Intervention in the Memphis City School System Essay

Government Intervention in the Memphis City School System There are many factors that contribute to how teachers will teach their students. The student’s background knowledge, learning style, and interest levels are all very important to take into consideration when constructing a lesson. But teachers have to answer to parents, principles, administrators, school boards, state standards committees, and governmental agencies in addition to their students when it comes fulfilling their job description. One of the most well know government intervention plans that teachers have to adapt to is No Child Left Behind, implemented by the Bush administration in 2002 to help close the gap between under-performing and exemplary schools. The over arching idea is commendable; provide children with a quality education regardless of where they go to school. Schools have to make the grade in order to receive additional government funding and those that consistently fail to hit its goal will completely overhauled in order to achieve improvement. One school system that has been a consistent poor performer is the Memphis City School System. In their desperation to close the achievement gap the Memphis City School Board has surrendered its charter and proposed a vote to merge with its successful counterpart, the Shelby County school system. The surrender of the charter puts the responsibility of providing education for the districts previously run by the city on the shoulders of the Shelby County government, because according to Tennessee state law 49-1-102: â€Å"There shall be a local public school system operated in each county or combination of counties. There may be a local public school system operated in a municipality or special school distri... ...How do you get the community at large to get behind the merge? What will happen to any funds left over from the Gates Foundation donation to the city? Will the consolidation of systems affect the amount of Federal funding provided to the new system through Race to the Top? Personally I think this is a short sighted solution to a problem city school administration and School Board Members cannot seem to find a solution to, which is breaking through the poverty and racial barriers to AYP achievement. Yes, the demographic is unfortunate but forcing this solution on the city and county will not help race relations it will only increase the tension. This merger is another poorly planned government intervention that is bound to fail unless it gains community support and implements a carefully constructed plan for success. We’ll just have to wait and hope for the best.

Energy Development and Electricity Usage Essay

Electricity consumption is something we do out of habit and unintentionally. We develop our habits based on our needs, hobbies, works, entertainment and enjoyments. We never really aware of how much we use daily and how much the source of energy is left in this world. We are named as screen generation, it means we all depending on electronic stuffs to complete and help us out in our daily life. We use air-con, television, refrigerator, fan, lamps, iron more over we use electricity to charge our gadgets those we probably have more than one like phone, laptop, tablet etc. We never really care about where the energy came from and are we wasting it? Main energy source is fossil fuels including coal, oil and natural gas. Many of us are uninformed about this main source of energy and how much we can take from the world. We barely know how much the world spent fossil fuels yearly to fulfill our electricity needs. The main problem here is fossil fuels are un-renewable. It takes millions of years for them to be formed and ready to use. Based on a high energies usage in this world, we need an alternative energy source to support our needs without exploiting our main source fossil fuels. We do have an alternative energy support like wind power, solar energy and moving water energy. Recent alternative energy source is nuclear energy. Those alternatives proven to be ineffective because they barely fulfilled energy needs. A natural consequence of overusing energy is increased costs for us. This can come in the form of fuel and energy bills; we will be paying more without an appreciable return on your investment. We may also risk lowering the expected lifespan of appliances and other electronics. When we have to replace spent devices, we further impact the environment by generating waste and purchasing replacement equipment. Our wise use of electricity, therefore, can translate into long-term savings in energy bills and also reduce the need for other purchases. Singapore energy support depends on natural gas imported by Indonesia and Malaysia. Due to Singapore lacks of natural resources Singapore has to be a depending country. Singapore’s energy support 80% imported from both Indonesia and Malaysia and 51% of it came from fossil fuels. The unawareness of public and lack of information lead me to develop this project. Not only to improve ourselves but also to provide for our next generation. Creative objective The aim of this project is to raise people’s awareness about the overused of electricity in Singapore household to reduce usage of electricity in their daily activities and to educate people about the effect to the earth. This campaign will make people take an action to against global warming that already happened in our earth. Cultural Context The project would be based in Singapore household electricity usage. Singapore is a well-developed country with a high numbers of citizens and resulting in high level of electricity usage, Singapore is a busy city that can make a lot of energy to support their industry, household, office, shopping mall and etc. Singapore doesn’t have own source energy, but Singapore had a good government that can manage their citizens’ energy usage with a small land but big populations. Singapore gets the energy from neighbor countries such as Malaysia and Indonesia. Households and industries in Singapore used a record amount of electricity in 2010 – the highest monthly usage in the last seven years. Economic activities have grown in the commercial and industrial sectors, which account for 75 per cent of the energy consumption. That why, because Singapore is a busy city, the people can handle their habits from overused electricity. Target market/Audience This campaign will focus on household, because at home that’s the first habit that people/families did. The primary will be parents because the parents are the people who make the rules or play an important role in the home. The secondary will be the youth/teenagers because they must know how/about saving electricity to save the earth as generations this day and for the future. Geographical: †¢ Singapore Demographic: †¢ Male & Female †¢ Family / Domestic Household †¢ Age Group: – Parents (25 – 45) – Teenagers (12 – 20) – Children (6 – 11) – Elderly (60+) †¢ Middle to High-income range Psychographic: †¢ Parents. †¢ Working people, fast-paced lifestyle, rarely stay at home. †¢ High-tech people †¢ Teenagers who like to play computer, electronic games. †¢ People who would like to know more about saving electricity. * * SWOT Strength: †¢ Can reduce the effect of electricity usage to the earth. †¢ People can learn more how to save the electricity and their money. †¢ People in Singapore can learn more environmentally friendly. Weakness: †¢ People still ignoring about the overuse of electricity †¢ Most people not well informed about the effect of overuse electricity. Opportunities: †¢ To gain support and to educate the public †¢ To remember the public about savings electricity with campaign that already done in Singapore. †¢ To spread the actual information about the cost and the solution to minimize electricity usage in Singapore. Threats: †¢ Public behavioral change †¢ Public mind set change * Deliverables This campaign will feature a print advertising that is a poster series that supported by the government, web design for this campaign, and also an application for smart phone as a consideration. Success measure These campaigns will success if people start take action to minimize the electricity. When people start prioritize electricity savings and when the number of electricity usage in Singapore show that the number are decreasing by changing Singaporeans behavior.

Atoms, Molecules, & Elements

Atoms are the smallest entities which resemble the properties of an element and cannot be broken down into smaller parts. Molecules are formed when two or more atoms are combined. This formation can happen in a variety of ways. When two oxygen atoms join O2 is formed, and when three oxygen atoms join O3 or ozone is formed. Both of these have different properties. Different atoms can also combine to form molecules. Hydrogen combines with sulfur to form H2S and hydrogen and oxygen also combine to form H2O.Dmitri Mendeleev’s Periodic table is based on atomic weight, whereas, the modern periodic table keeps the atomic number as the base. An atomic table arranges elements from left to right in a row with the atomic number and properties gradually changing. The elements on the next row will actually exhibit similar properties as the ones above or below it. This provides an example of the periodicity nature of the elements. The columns of different elements in a period have the same or very similar properties. The properties of the elements change gradually as the columns move down through the periodic table.Atoms in similar families, such as H2S and H2O, exhibit both similar properties and molecular structure. This shows periodicity in both the molecules and the individual atoms. Alkali metals contain a single electron in their outer shell rendering them highly reactive. This allows them to be ready to donate this single electron to form molecules with substances like water. Halogens are also extremely reactive containing seven electrons in their outer shell. Similar to alkali metals, halogens need only one electron in their outer shell to become stable.The reactivity of an element increases the when the number of outer shell electrons is closer to one or seven. Elements that contain eight electrons in their outer shell exhibit little or no reactivity. Alkali metals are the elements found in group one of the periodic table. Mixing these metals with water creat es a strong base used to neutralize acids. An example of an alkali metal is sodium (Na). Sodium contains one free electron to donate to form instant bonds like NaCl. Chlorine (Cl) is an example of a halogen. Chlorine requires one single electron to make eight electrons in its’ outer shell.Ultimately the high reactivity of alkali metals and halogens are a result of their unstable electronic configuration in the outer shell. In contrast, noble gases tend to be non-reactive because these elements have stable electronic configurations in their outer shell. Helium, for example, has two electrons and neon has eight electrons in the outer shell. These elements do not normally react with other elements. Molecules from atoms in similar families, such as H2S and H2O, have the same type of molecular shape and structure.Sulfur is less electronegative than oxygen making the hydrogen-sulfur bond less polar than the hydrogen-oxygen bond. Due to this difference in polarity, the molecules of H2S tend to remain in a gaseous state. In contrast, the polarity between hydrogen and oxygen keeps the molecules of H2O together in a liquid state. This phenomenon is known as electrostatic attraction which is stronger in H2O molecules and weaker in H2S molecules. The electronic structure of atoms refers to the way electrons are arranged around the nucleus.Four quantum numbers describe this structure and define the position of an electron in the electronic structure of the atom. These numbers illustrate the structure and arrangement of electrons. This can also be defined as a wave function showing the probability of finding an electron in a point in space. Electronic configuration is important for chemists in understanding how and why certain elements react with other elements. This method is much simpler than the quantum model and allows chemists to predict how certain elements will react sometimes before the chemical reaction has taken place.Chemists can then theorize a reaction b ased on this electronic structure. Chemists can also use knowledge of the electronic structure of atoms to predict how elements will bond. They can determine whether the bond will be an electrochemical bond, a covalent bond, or a coordinate bond, etc. This also helps in explaining how certain elements will behave. Diagrams illustrating the energy level of elements also aid chemists but electronic configuration is a more preferred and simpler method for chemists to use.

Dramatically effective Essay Example

Dramatically effective Essay Example Dramatically effective Essay Dramatically effective Essay Discuss the ways in which the final scene in act one from A View from the Bridge is dramatically effective.  Miller makes the final scene in act one so dramatically effective by using every conversational topic to build up this tension right up until the end when tension is paramount. Throughout the scene, the characters; Eddie, Rodolfo, Catherine, Marco, and Beatrice do not let their rational behaviour slip. Instead, they are fully wound up until the end of the act enabling sparks to fly later on in the play. The scene opens on Alfieri with his opening line there are times when you want to spread an alarm. This indicates that he has strong feelings for Eddie Carbone and his family which he cannot act upon, being in the position which he is, a high-powered lawyer, who should not become emotionally involved in his cases. He therefore feels helpless and trapped. He can foresee the tragic events which happen in the play but is unable to do anything about them. This is an ominous speech. By the end one can sense that tragedy is inevitable. To put the rest of the scene in context, Eddie has recently found that his niece Catherine has grown from a small child to a beautiful young woman and therefore has mixed feelings for her, both sexually and paternally. He also has mixed feelings for his wifes cousin Rodolfo, an illegal immigrant from Sicily. Stereo-typically homosexual signs given off by Rodolfo lead Eddie to believe that Rodolfo is gay. Eddie is uncomfortable with this firstly because he is jealous of Rodolfo who is going out with his niece Catherine and also because, as the audience later find out, Eddie has sexual feelings for Rodolfo. The rest of the scene is set in the apartment of Eddie and begins with him and his family finishing dinner. Marco and Rodolfo are telling Eddie, Catherine and Beatrice about the different places they have visited. Throughout the conversation, Eddie shows signs of resentment and bitterness towards Rodolfo, directing his full attention towards Marco in an attempt to snub Rodolfo. Miller has done this by adding Marco to Eddies lines and also to Marco before Eddies lines in the stage directions. Eddies behaviour comes across as immature and naive in this time of heightened emotions. He and Beatrice also show that they have been poorly educated when Beatrice says You never think of it, that sardines are swimming in the ocean! and Eddie later declares I heard that they paint oranges to make them look orange, whereas Rodolfo and Marco come across as experienced and well-travelled. This is a dramatically effective opening to the scene because it begins to set up understanding amongst the audience of the characters more complicated feelings towards one another which is crucial around this point of the play. The section where Eddie loses his temper when attempting to look calm is made dramatically effective by Miller starting off using dramatic irony. The audience knows information about Eddie which the others who are present in the room do not. This is that when Eddie talks about Rodolfo and how wonderful it is that he can sing, cook and make dresses, he is in actual fact being sarcastic but not to the realisation of the other people in the room. By mentioning Rodolfos talents three times during one small section of the play, Eddie is attempting to show up Rodolfos homosexuality and the use of repetition emphasises and prolongs this notion. The final time he does this is when he is saying that Rodolfo should not be on the water-front because he has all these talents and in saying this he is also attempting to separate Catherine from Rodolfo. Meanwhile he is showing that he is angry and frustrated. He is physically manifesting this frustration upon a newspaper which he is twisting up as the tension is mounting inside him. The word unconsciously is used to show he is unaware of the fact he is doing this. The newspaper then suddenly breaks in half which is a signal to Eddie that he should get up and express his manliness and Rodolfos effeminacy. At this point the audience would sense that Eddie is beginning to crack up. When Eddie teaches Rodolfo to fight there is much tension in the air due to the deep, intricate emotions which the characters and Eddie in particular are experiencing at this time. Miller uses dramatic irony to make this point in the play more dramatically effective. The true reason for Eddie teaching Rodolfo to fight is to show that he is the real man ultimately to win over Catherine but instead Eddie falsely appears enthusiastic, pretending he genuinely wishes to help Rodolfo defend himself in the future. What is ironic here is that Eddie is using a fight to show affection to cover up for the fact he genuinely wishes to fight Rodolfo and to hurt him. In the end the sun beats the wind when Rodolfo asks Catherine to dance with his feminine charm, after possibly picking up on what Eddie is attempting to do to him. Miller has created the final dramatic image of act one using actions as opposed to speech when Marco challenges Eddie to a chair lifting contest so as to remind Eddie of family loyalty among brothers and that when it matters, Marco will be loyal to Rodolfo. He also brings on this contest to prove that it is his and not Eddies that is the greater physical strength thus shattering the one thing Eddie was convinced he had over the other two men. The final image of Marco standing face to face with Eddie and with the chair raised like a weapon over Eddies head is symbolic of what a small, helpless man Eddie Carbone really is and it is also an ominous image considering what happens later on in the play. This is the last time they will stand face to face like this before they are standing face to face in a death match. In summary, Miller makes the final scene in act one from A view from the Bridge dramatically effective with the frequent use of tension and dramatic irony. The use of ominous moments helps to build up dramatic effect for later in the play. Eddie Carbone is Millers vehicle for articulating complex human emotions and his use of this characters speech and body language which makes this particular scene so dramatically effective.

Character and Caricature

Character and Caricature Character and Caricature Character and Caricature By Maeve Maddox In an NPR story about the election of Scott Brown to Ted Kennedy’s vacated Senate, a Massachusetts legislator, Jim Vallee, declared: â€Å"He’s not a one-dimensional caricature.† Caricature does not mean the same thing as character. And it is character that is often characterized (!) as being â€Å"one-dimensional.† Novelists do not want to be accused creating of one-dimensional characters: imaginary people who are entirely good or entirely evil. Real people are rarely one-dimensional. Hitler is said to have liked dogs and classical music. Hannibal Lecter enjoys a nice Chianti. In a novel, a one-dimensional hero who never has an unworthy thought, or a villain who lacks some flicker of humanity, comes across as flat and uninteresting. The OED offers nineteen definitions for the noun character. The definition that applies in the context of the Vallee quotation is: The sum of the moral and mental qualities which distinguish an individual . . . A caricature, on the other hand, is intrinsically one-dimensional, or at least lacking in depth. As an artistic rendering, a caricature exaggerates a person’s most noticeable feature. For example, Obama’s ears, Leno’s chin, Bette Davis’s eyes. Defined by the OED, a caricature is An exaggerated or debased likeness, imitation, or copy, naturally or unintentionally ludicrous. Here’s a quotation in which the word caricature is used correctly: The joy of learning is as indispensable in study as breathing is in running. Where it is lacking there are no real students, but only poor caricatures of apprentices who, at the end of their apprenticeship, will not even have a trade. Simone Weil Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:"Based in" and "based out of"Work of Art TitlesWhat is an Anagram?

Political science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 12

Political science - Essay Example Foreign policy refers to considerations of government made so as to achieve simultaneously national and international objectives (Trubowitz 90). The world as it is today has become extremely globalized and interdependent. Decisions at one end of the world elicit consequences and reactions in another part of the world. Consequently, nations of the world are compelled to subject their national choice of policies to a test of its effects to the rest of the world through the foreign policy. The policies govern their relations and mode of operation with other nationalities. Foreign policy ensures determines the political relations between two nations and subsequently, their economic impact. Bureaucracy in its simplest form is a rigid administrative policy-making group that is often not elected. A bureaucracy has a fixed way of doing things and does not accommodate change with ease (Ginsberg et al. 48). Bureaucrats are rampant in all government agencies and are, in fact, the way the government executes its roles. The inherent inflexibility attracts criticism as it causes management inefficiency and time wastage. As a matter of fact, modern theories of management have focused a lot of attention on the ways to eliminate bureaucracies. For large organizations, however, it is not possible to maintain order and coordinated workflow without bureaucracy One of the greatest challenges of foreign policy, today is striking a balance between national objectives and international goals (Trubowitz 68). More often than not, these two objectives are in conflict, and the differences are quite irreconcilable. A decision to favor the citizens of one country is a decision to predispose the fate of individuals of another country to doom. But the f have to pursue the objectives that best suit the citizens of their country. A recent case in hand is the stalemate created between the governments of UK, Australia, and Kenya. The two European nations